深水钻井中浅水流灾害问题及其地球物理识别技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

董冬冬  赵汗青  吴时国  伍向阳 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):114-120

在深水钻井中,浅水流是一种常见的地质灾害。中国正在进行深水油气勘探,十分有必要开展这方面的地质灾害研究。介绍了浅水流的形成机制及地球物理特性。目前用于识别和预测浅水流的手段有测井和反射地震两大类方法。主要介绍了几种用于参数提取的地震反演方法,如传统Dix反演、叠后振幅反演、层析反演、叠前振幅反演等。  相似文献   

共转换点道集的抽取与转换波时变静校正   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何兵寿  张会星  彭苏萍 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(6):139-144

纵横波速度比固定时,同一地震道中各时间采样点对应不同的转换点位置,因此,常规的整体抽道方法只能抽取特定深度或特定层位条件下的共转换点道集,它不能保证所有P-SV转换波的反射点位置都在同一水平位置处。提出了一种精确抽取共转换点道集的新方法,运用这种方法抽取的共转换点道集中所有数据对应的转换点在地面的投影都对应于同一位置,因此,该道集是一种真正意义上的共转换点道集,在此基础上提出了一种解决短波长问题的转换波时变静校正方法,实际资料处理取得了好的效果。  相似文献   

城市建设中的地震小区划与浅层地震探测     

薛荣俊  辛柏森  杨和乃 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z1)

简要阐述地震小区划在现代城市建设中的重要性以及在实施地震小区划的研究中浅层地震探测的重要作用及其方法原理,并给出应用浅层地震探测在城市地震小区划中的实例。  相似文献   

4D seismic time-lapse monitoring of an active cold vent,northern Cascadia margin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Michael Riedel 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(4):355-371

Two single-channel seismic (SCS) data sets collected in 2000 and 2005 were used for a four-dimensional (4D) time-lapse analysis of an active cold vent (Bullseye Vent). The data set acquired in 2000 serves as a reference in the applied processing sequence. The 4D processing sequence utilizes time- and phase-matching, gain adjustments and shaping filters to transform the 2005 data set so that it is most comparable to the conditions under which the 2000 data were acquired. The cold vent is characterized by seismic blanking, which is a result of the presence of gas hydrate in the subsurface either within coarser-grained turbidite sands or in fractures, as well as free gas trapped in these fracture systems. The area of blanking was defined using the seismic attributes instantaneous amplitude and similarity. Several areas were identified where blanking was reduced in 2005 relative to 2000. But most of the centre of Bullseye Vent and the area around it were seen to be characterized by intensified blanking in 2005. Tracing these areas of intensified blanking through the three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume defined several apparent new flow pathways that were not seen in the 2000 data, which are interpreted as newly generated fractures/faults for upward fluid migration. Intensified blanking is interpreted as a result of new formation of gas hydrate in the subsurface along new fracture pathways. Areas with reduced blanking may be zones where formerly plugged fractures that had trapped some free gas may have been opened and free gas was liberated.  相似文献   

Fast static correction methods for high-frequency multichannel marine seismic reflection data: A high-resolution seismic study of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan     

Martin Gutowski  Monika Breitzke  Volkhard Spieß 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(1):57-75

Very high-frequency marine multichannel seismic reflection data generated by small-volume air- or waterguns allow detailed, high-resolution studies of sedimentary structures of the order of one to few metres wavelength. The high-frequency content, however, requires (1) a very exact knowledge of the source and receiver positions, and (2) the development of data processing methods which take this exact geometry into account. Static corrections are crucial for the quality of very high-frequency stacked data because static shifts caused by variations of the source and streamer depths are of the order of half to one dominant wavelength, so that they can lead to destructive interference during stacking of CDP sorted traces. As common surface-consistent residual static correction methods developed for land seismic data require fixed shot and receiver locations two simple and fast techniques have been developed for marine seismic data with moving sources and receivers to correct such static shifts. The first method – called CDP static correction method – is based on a simultaneous recording of Parasound sediment echosounder and multichannel seismic reflection data. It compares the depth information derived from the first arrivals of both data sets to calculate static correction time shifts for each seismic channel relative to the Parasound water depths. The second method – called average static correction method – utilises the fact that the streamer depth is mainly controlled by bird units, which keep the streamer in a predefined depth at certain increments but do not prevent the streamer from being slightly buoyant in-between. In case of calm weather conditions these streamer bendings mainly contribute to the overall static time shifts, whereas depth variations of the source are negligible. Hence, mean static correction time shifts are calculated for each channel by averaging the depth values determined at each geophone group position for several subsequent shots. Application of both methods to data of a high-resolution seismic survey of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan shows that the quality of the stacked section can be improved significantly compared to stacking results achieved without preceding static corrections. The optimised records show sedimentary features in great detail, that are not visible without static corrections. Limitations only result from the sea floor topography. The CDP static correction method generally provides more coherent reflections than the average static correction method but can only be applied in areas with rather flat sea floor, where no diffraction hyperbolae occur. In contrast, the average static correction method can also be used in regions with rough morphology, but the coherency of reflections is slightly reduced compared to the results of the CDP static correction method.  相似文献   

地震勘探在不同地质条件下的新应用     

卢占武  张宏远 《海洋地质前沿》2005,21(4):28-32,i002

20世纪末，地震勘探技术在油气勘探、煤田勘探、工程勘探等多方面的应用都有了突飞猛进的发展。总结了近年来地震勘探在岩性、沉积相、构造体系等不同地质条件下的应用实例，用以说明地震勘探的多用性及其强大的生命力。  相似文献   

1999年以来台湾及邻近海域7.5级以上强震前的条带现象     

张年明  郑健志 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):426-432

中国台湾地区地处欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块之间,地震活动频繁．本文报道了 我国台湾地区及其邻近海域1985～2002年间5．5级以上地震的条带内外频度比分 布,并着重研究了1999—2002年中发生的3次7．5级以上地震前的条带现象．其结 果表明:台湾地区近期发生的3次7．5级以上大地震前,5．5级以上地震呈条带分 布．这些条带符合条带内地震个数Nin≥6的条件,符合条带内、外频度比Nin／(Nin Nout)≥75％的条件,也符合条带长宽比大于5的要求,只是与板内地震条带相比,条 带的长度较短．  相似文献   

地层学的发展推动油气地质理论研究的进步   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许红  李思田  吴河勇 《海洋地质前沿》2002,18(2):17-21

自上个世纪50年代以来,地层学经历了彻底的变革,逐渐由“相模式”、“沉积体系”、“地震地层学”发展到目前的“层序地层学”,形成高分辨率层序地层学和事件地层学的理论体系和研究方法。文章围绕层序地层学、高分辨率层序地层学基本方法及理论体系,与含油气系统相关关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

海洋天然气水合物调查地震采集技术——调查初始阶段研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伍忠良  曾宪军  王立明 《海洋技术学报》2006,25(4):79-87

地震调查方法在水合物中的应用分为两个主要阶段:调查初始阶段和调查深入阶段。调查初始阶段以“突出天然气水合物的四大主要识别标志(似海底反射、振幅空白带、穿层特征、振幅和速度结构异常)”为主要目的,为资料的处理、解释提供丰富的地震信息。从而圈定天然气水合物富集程度高、成藏条件好的“目标”靶区,开展深入调查,更好地展现“天然气水合物矿体立体上的形态特征”,了解“水合物矿体的厚度、顶底界面及富集程度”。文中从震源技术研究、高分辨率地震调查技术的调谐组合参数研究和野外施工方法等方面的内容出发,根据大量野外技术试验资料和有关科研成果,总结了在天然气水合物调查初始阶段的特点及相应的地震调查技术。  相似文献   

Crustal Structures of the Northernmost South China Sea: Seismic Reflection and Gravity Modeling   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yi-Ching Yeh  Shu-Kun Hsu 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(1-2):45-61

The South China Sea (SCS) is a marginal sea off shore Southeast Asia. Based on magnetic study, oceanic crust has been suggested in the northernmost SCS. However, the crustal structure of the northernmost SCS was poorly known. To elaborate the crustal structures in the northernmost SCS and off southwest Taiwan, we have analyzed 20 multi-channel seismic profiles of the region. We have also performed gravity modeling to understand the Moho depth variation. The volcanic basement deepens southeastwards while the Moho depth shoals southeastwards. Except for the continental margin, the northernmost SCS can be divided into three tectonic regions: the disturbed and undisturbed oceanic crust (8–12 km thick) in the southwest, a trapped oceanic crust (8 km thick) between the Luzon-Ryukyu Transform Plate Boundary (LRTPB) and Formosa Canyon, and the area to the north of the Formosa Canyon which has the thickest sediments. Instead of faulting, the sediments across the LRTPB have only displayed differential subsidence offset of about 0.5–1 s in the northeast side, indicating that the LRTPB is no longer active. The gravity modeling has shown a relatively thin crust beneath the LRTPB, demonstrating the sheared zone character along the LRTPB. However, probably because of post-spreading volcanism, only the transtension-shearing phenomenon of volcanic basement in the northwest and southeast ends of the LRTPB can be observed. These two basement-fractured sites coincide with low gravity anomalies. Intensive erosion has prevailed over the whole channel of the Formosa Canyon.  相似文献